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Model Pengembangan Community Based Tourism Dalam Perspektif Community Governance: Studi pada kawasan pariwisata Ubud

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Ida Ayu Githa Girindra. Program Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik. Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Model Pengembangan Community Based Tourism Dalam Perspektif Community Governance (Studi Pada Kawasan Pariwisata Ubud). Komisi Pembimbing: Ketua: Dr. M.R. Khairul Muluk, S.Sos, M.Si. Anggota: I Gede Eko Putra Sri Sentanu, S.AP., M.AP., Ph.D

Pariwisata memegang peranan penting dalam evolusi peradaban saat ini. Pariwisata dapat memfasilitasi atau menentang perubahan, bahkan dengan kapasitas menjadi pelopor yang disruptive. Pengembangan daerah pariwisata berdampak pada peningkatan konflik: (1) Gangguan langsung; (2) Transformasi struktural. Kondisi ini memaksa pencarian opsi berkelanjutan yang melibatkan penduduk dan pengunjung dalam perencanaan dan pengelolaan untuk mengembangkan pariwisata. Ubud merupakan desa wisata budaya dengan penyelenggaraan pariwisata tidak terlepas dari partisipasi masyarakatnya. Perkembangan pariwisata yang pesat di Ubud mendorong munculnya permasalahan macet, kurangnya lahan parkir, pelecehan kebudayaan dan pelanggaran lalu lintas serta tata ruang yang tidak terkendali.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Fokus penelitian ini didasarkan pada kombinasi dua teori yakni Community Based Tourism dan Community Governance untuk menganalisis pengembangan Community Based Tourism dan Community Governance di Kawasan Pariwisata Ubud. Penelitian ini juga memberikan rekomendasi Model Pengembangan Community Based Tourism dalam Perspektif Community Governance.

Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Community Based Tourism di Ubud mengakomodir beberapa dimensi: (1) dimensi ekonomi dengan tersedianya lapangan pekerjaan, peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat dan dana komunitas, (2) dimensi budaya dengan adanya sikap menghormati perbedaan, pertukaran kebudayaan dan budaya yang mendukung pembangunan pariwisata, (3) dimensi politik dengan adanya akses masyarakat dalam membuat kebijakan, pengelolaan pariwisata dan pengelolaan sumber daya, (4) dimensi sosial dengan adanya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan dan kesehatan masyarakat, meningkatan kebanggaan lokal, kesetaraan gender dan menguatkan kelembagaan masyarakat, namun terjadi penurunan pada sisi keamanan dan ketertiban karena banyak pelecehan kebudayaan dan pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan wisatawan asing, (5) dimensi lingkungan belum terakomodir dengan baik karena perkembangan pariwisata Ubud selama ini tidak menerapkan kapasitas daya tampung, sehingga volume pariwisata yang diselenggarakan menyebabkan permasalahan seperti macet, kurangnya lahan parkir, serta tata ruang yang tidak terkendali. Community Governance dalam pengelolaan pariwisata di Ubud dilihat dari elemen: (1) Community Citizenship-Citizen's Boards berupa Yayasan Bina Wisata dan Sistem Parum (2) Community Citizenship-The Cordinating Council terdiri dari Lurah dan Kepala Lingkungan, Kelian banjar adat dan Bendesa Adat (3) Community Public Practice-The Helper oleh Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Gianyar dan juga Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional RI. Dalam Model Community Based Tourism Dalam Perspektif Community Governance, stakeholder terkait yang memegang peranan dalam pembuatan kebijakan pengelolaan pariwisata yaitu masyarakat, public practice dan perwakilan terpilih harus memiliki dynamic capabilites sesuai dengan individual knowledge limit, sehingga dapat menghasilkan kebijakan yang dinamis dan berorientasi pada Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat.


Ida Ayu Githa Girindra. Public Administration Masters Program. Faculty of Administrative Sciences, University of Brawijaya Malang. Community Based Tourism Development Model in Community Governance Perspective (Study in Ubud Tourism Area). Advisory Commission: Chairman: Dr. M.R. Khairul Muluk, S.Sos, M.Sc. Members: I Gede Eko Putra Sri Sentanu, S.AP., M.AP., Ph.D

Tourism plays an important role in the evolution of civilization today. Tourism can compete with or resist change, even with the capacity to be a disruptive pioneer. The development of tourism areas has an impact on increasing conflicts: (1) Direct disturbance; (2) Structural transformation. This condition forces the search for sustainable options that involve residents and visitors in planning and management to develop tourism. Ubud is a cultural tourism village where the implementation of tourism is inseparable from the participation of the community. The rapid development of tourism in Ubud has led to the emergence of congestion problems, lack of parking space, damage to culture and traffic violations and uncontrolled spatial planning.

This study uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. The focus of this research is based on a combination of two theories, namely Community Based Tourism and Community Governance to analyze the development of Community Based Tourism and Community Governance in the Ubud Tourism Area. This study also provides recommendations for Community Based Tourism Development Models in the Perspective of Community Governance.

The results of this study indicate that Community Based Tourism in Ubud accommodates several dimensions: (1) the economic dimension with the availability of jobs, increasing community income and community funds, (2) the cultural dimension with respect for differences, culture and culture that support tourism development , (3) the political dimension with community access in making policies, tourism management and resource management, (4) the social dimension with improving the quality of education and public health, increasing local pride, increasing gender and strengthening community institutions, but there is a decrease in on the security side and maintain it because it damages culture and traffic violations committed by foreign tourists, (5) the environmental dimension has not been accommodated properly because the development of Ubud tourism so far has not implemented capacity, so the volume of tourism that is maintained causes problems such as traffic jams, decreased parking lots , as well as uncontrolled spatial planning. Community Governance in tourism management in Ubud is seen from the following elements: (1) Community Citizenship-Citizen Council in the form of the Bina Wisata Foundation and the Parum System (2) Community Citizenship-Coordination Council consisting of Lurah and Head of Environment, Kelian banjar adat and Bendesa Adat (3 ) Community Public Practice-The Helper by the Gianyar Regency Tourism Office and also the Indonesian National Development Planning Agency. In the Community Based Tourism Model in the Community Governance Perspective, relevant stakeholders who play a role in making tourism management policies, namely the community, public practice and elected representatives must have dynamic abilities in accordance with the limits of individual knowledge, so as to produce policies that are dynamic and oriented towards Community Based Tourism .

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Ketersediaan

2023153

TES 307.12 GIR m 2023 k.1

Fadel Muhammad Resource Center (Ilmu Sosial)

Tersedia

Informasi Detail

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

TES 307.12 GIR m 2023

Penerbit

Malang : Program Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik., 2023

Deskripsi Fisik

xii, 360 halaman; ILUS: 29,5 cm.

Bahasa

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Klasifikasi

307.12

Tipe Isi

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Tipe Media

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Tipe Pembawa

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Edisi

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Subjek

TESIS
partisipasi publik
Community Based Tourism
community governance
dynamic capabilities

Info Detail Spesifik

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Pernyataan Tanggungjawab

Ida Ayu Githa Girindra

Versi lain/terkait

Lampiran Berkas

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