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PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIER JABATAN FUNGSIONAL ANALIS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA APARATUR DALAM PERSPEKTIF STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR HUMAN RESOURCES : Studi pada Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia di Kabupaten Sikka
RINGKASAN
Rentika Konstantin Karwayu, Program Magister Administrasi Publik Universitas
Brawijaya Malang. “Perencanaan Pengembangan Karier dalam Perspektif
Strategic Planning for Human Resources: Studi pada Badan Kepegawaian
dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kabupaten Sikka”. Ketua Komisi
Pembimbing: Prof. Dr. Sumartono, MS dan Anggota Komisi Pembimbing: Dr
Mohammad Nuh, S.IP, M.Si
Perencanaan pengembangan karier yang tepat akan berdampak langsung
pada peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia aparatur dan mendukung
efektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah. Jabatan fungsional Analis
SDM Aparatur merupakan jabatan strategis yang berperan dalam perumusan dan
evaluasi kebijakan kepegawaian, namun sering kali belum mendapatkan perhatian
serius dalam rencana pengembangan karier. BKPSDM Kabupaten Sikka sebagai
penyelenggara sistem merit dituntut mampu merencanakan pengembangan karier
ASN secara sistematis, tetapi masih menghadapi tantangan mulai dari distribusi
jabatan yang tidak merata, belum tersusunnya peta karier, hingga rendahnya nilai
indeks pengelolaan ASN. Tanpa perencanaan yang terarah dan berbasis
kompetensi, pengembangan karier PNS fungsional berisiko berjalan sporadis dan
tidak adaptif terhadap perubahan kebutuhan organisasi. Oleh karena itu,
perencanaan pengembangan karier bagi jabatan fungsional Analis SDM Aparatur
di Kabupaten Sikka perlu dikaji secara lebih mendalam guna memastikan bahwa
proses ini berjalan strategis, responsif, dan mendukung profesionalitas ASN
secara berkelanjutan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis
perencanaan pengembangan karier PNS Fungsional Analis SDM Aparatur dalam
perspektif Strategic Planning for Human Resources, serta faktor pendukung dan
penghambat perencanaan pengembangan karier PNS Fungsional Analis SDM
Aparatur di BKPSDM Kabupaten Sikka.
Kerangka teori dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 8 tahapan SPHR oleh
Rothwell & Kazanas (2003) terdiri dari Menghubungkan Tujuan HR dengan Tujuan
Organisasi, Menganalisis Kondisi SDM Saat Ini, Melakukan Pemindaian
Lingkungan, Menilai Kesenjangan Perencanaan, Memilih Strategi Jangka Panjang
HR, Implementasi Grand Strategy melalui Program HR, Mengelola Fungsi HR
sebagai Penggerak Strategi, Evaluasi Grand Strategy. Adapun dalam menentukan
faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat berdasarkan temuan hasil penelitian.
Faktor pendukung, yang berupa Landasan Hukum dan Fleksibilitas Kebijakan,
Komitmen Manajemen, Kesadaran dan Motivasi PNS Fungsional. Faktor
Penghambat, berupa Lemahnya Implementasi Regulasi, Keterbatasan Komitmen
Manajemen, Lemahnya Koordinasi antar Bidang, Sumber Daya Perencana,
Sistem Informasi SDM, dan Keterbatasan Anggaran.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.
Sumber data yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik
pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik
analisis data menggunakan model analisis data interaktif dari Miles, Huberman, &
Saldana (2014) yang teridir dari penyajian data, kondensasi data, dan penarikan
kesimpulan data.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan pengembangan karier
ASN fungsional Analis SDM Aparatur di BKPSDM Kabupaten Sikka belum
sepenuhnya berjalan sesuai dengan tahapan ideal dalam kerangka SPHR
sebagaimana dikembangkan oleh Rothwell dan Kazanas. Pada tahap pertama,
yaitu identifikasi kebutuhan, perencanaan belum didasarkan pada analisis beban
kerja atau peta kompetensi yang jelas. Tahap kedua, perumusan tujuan, belum
dijabarkan secara spesifik dalam bentuk rencana pengembangan karier jangka
menengah maupun panjang. Pada tahap penilaian kesenjangan SDM, belum
tersedia instrumen formal untuk mengukur kesenjangan antara kompetensi aktual
dan kompetensi yang dibutuhkan. Tahap penyusunan strategi juga belum terlihat
melalui dokumen formal seperti roadmap atau rencana aksi, melainkan masih
berupa inisiatif sektoral. Dalam tahap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan program,
kegiatan pelatihan dan uji kompetensi sudah dilakukan tetapi tidak terstruktur
dalam sistem yang menyeluruh. Tahap implementasi berjalan terbatas pada aspek
administratif, dan belum menyasar aspek strategis pengembangan individu ASN.
Sementara itu, tahap monitoring dan evaluasi belum dijalankan secara sistematis
karena tidak adanya indikator kinerja atau alat ukur efektivitas pengembangan
karier. Tahap terakhir, yaitu umpan balik dan perbaikan berkelanjutan, juga belum
berjalan karena hasil pelatihan dan pengembangan tidak dievaluasi dampaknya
terhadap karier maupun kinerja organisasi. Faktor pendukung dalam perencanaan
pengembangan karier ASN fungsional di BKPSDM Kabupaten Sikka meliputi: (1)
Keberadaan regulasi nasional dan Peraturan Bupati Sikka yang menjadi dasar
hukum pelaksanaan sistem merit; (2) Kesadaran dan motivasi individu yang tinggi
untuk mengembangkan kompetensi secara mandiri; (3) Terselenggaranya
pelatihan, sosialisasi, dan uji kompetensi, baik secara daring maupun luring.
Sementara itu, faktor penghambat yang ditemukan meliputi: (1) Belum tersedianya
pedoman teknis operasional yang bersifat aplikatif untuk pelaksanaan
pengembangan karier; (2) Keterbatasan komitmen manajerial yang hanya bersifat
administratif tanpa strategi kelembagaan jangka panjang; (3) Lemahnya
koordinasi antar bidang yang mengakibatkan tidak adanya sinergi perencanaan
dan pemanfaatan data lintas unit; (4) Belum dibentuknya tim perencana secara
formal melalui SK, serta rendahnya kompetensi teknis perencana; (5) SIASN yang
belum dimanfaatkan untuk pemetaan kompetensi dan perencanaan berbasis data
secara kolektif dan real-time; dan (6) Keterbatasan anggaran yang tidak spesifik
untuk pengembangan karier jabatan fungsional Analis SDM Aparatur.
Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan
bahwa perencanaan pengembangan karier PNS fungsional Analis SDM Aparatur
di BKPSDM Kabupaten Sikka masih berada pada tahap awal dan belum
memenuhi keseluruhan tahapan dalam SPHR secara ideal. Upaya
pengembangan karier cenderung berjalan secara administratif, tidak terstruktur,
dan belum terintegrasi dengan sistem manajemen talenta organisasi. Diperlukan
langkah perbaikan melalui pembentukan tim perencana formal, penguatan
koordinasi lintas bidang, penyusunan roadmap pengembangan karier, serta
peningkatan pemanfaatan data dalam mendukung perencanaan yang berbasis
kompetensi dan kebutuhan organisasi.
Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Karier, Jabatan Fungsional, Strategic Planning for
Human Resources
SUMMARY
Rentika Konstantin Karwayu, Master's Program in Public Administration,
Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. “Career Development Planning from the
Perspective of Strategic Planning for Human Resources: A Study at the
Agency for Personnel and Human Resources Development of Sikka
Regency”. Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Prof. Dr. Sumartono, MS and
Member of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Mohammad Nuh, S.IP, M.Si.
Career development planning has a direct impact on improving the quality of
human resources in the civil service and supports the effectiveness of regional
government administration. The functional position of Human Resource Analyst is
a strategic role responsible for formulating and evaluating personnel policies;
however, it often does not receive serious attention in career development
planning. As the administrator of the merit system, the BKPSDM of Sikka Regency
is expected to plan civil servant career development in a systematic manner.
Nevertheless, it continues to face challenges ranging from the uneven distribution
of functional positions, the absence of a career map, to a low civil service
management index. Without a targeted and competency-based plan, career
development for functional civil servants risks becoming sporadic and
unresponsive to organizational needs. Therefore, career development planning for
Human Resource Analysts in Sikka Regency must be examined more
comprehensively to ensure a strategic, responsive process that supports
continuous professionalization of civil servants.
This study aims to describe and analyze the career development planning of
functional civil servants in the role of Human Resource Analysts from the
perspective of Strategic Planning for Human Resources, as well as to identify the
supporting and inhibiting factors in career development planning at the BKPSDM
of Sikka Regency.
The theoretical framework of this study refers to the eight stages of SPHR as
proposed by Rothwell and Kazanas (2003), which include: (1) Aligning HR goals
with organizational goals, (2) Analyzing the current HR situation, (3) Conducting
environmental scanning, (4) Assessing planning gaps, (5) Selecting long-term HR
strategies, (6) Implementing the grand strategy through HR programs, (7)
Managing HR functions as a strategic driver, and (8) Evaluating the grand strategy.
The identification of supporting and inhibiting factors is based on the research
findings. Supporting factors include legal frameworks and policy flexibility,
management commitment, and the awareness and motivation of functional civil
servants. Inhibiting factors consist of weak regulation implementation, limited
managerial commitment, poor coordination between divisions, a lack of qualified
planners, underutilized HR information systems, and budget constraints.
This study employs a qualitative descriptive research design. Data sources
were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection methods
included interviews, observations, and documentation. The data analysis
technique used was the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, & Saldana (2014),
which involves data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusions.
The research findings indicate that career development planning for
functional civil servants serving as Human Resource Analysts at BKPSDM Sikka
Regency has not yet fully aligned with the ideal stages outlined in the SPHR
framework by Rothwell and Kazanas. In the first stage, needs identification,
planning is not yet based on workload analysis or a defined competency map. The
second stage, goal formulation, has not been translated into medium or long-term
career development plans. In the gap assessment stage, no formal instruments
are available to measure the gap between actual competencies and required
competencies. Strategy formulation has not been formalized through documents
such as roadmaps or action plans and remains limited to sectoral initiatives. In the
program planning and implementation stage, training and competency
assessments have been carried out but are not part of an integrated system.
Implementation has been limited to administrative aspects and does not yet target
strategic individual development. Monitoring and evaluation have not been
conducted systematically due to the absence of performance indicators or
effectiveness metrics. Lastly, the feedback and continuous improvement stage has
not been carried out, as training outcomes have not been evaluated in terms of
career advancement or organizational performance. Supporting factors for career
development planning at BKPSDM Sikka Regency include: (1) The existence of
national regulations and Regent Regulations providing a legal basis for
implementing the merit system; (2) High levels of awareness and motivation
among individuals to independently develop their competencies; and (3) The
implementation of training, outreach, and competency assessments, both online
and offline. Inhibiting factors include: (1) The absence of applicable technical
guidelines for operationalizing career development; (2) Limited managerial
commitment, which remains administrative without long-term institutional
strategies; (3) Weak interdepartmental coordination, resulting in a lack of synergy
in planning and data utilization across units; (4) The absence of a formally
established planning team supported by official decrees and the low technical
competence of existing planners; (5) The Human Resource Information System
(SIASN) has not been fully leveraged for competency mapping or data-driven
planning in real time; and (6) Budget constraints, with no specific allocation for
career development of Human Resource Analyst positions.
Based on the findings and discussion, it can be concluded that the career
development planning for functional civil servants in the role of Human Resource
Analysts at BKPSDM Sikka Regency remains in its early stages and does not fully
comply with the ideal phases of SPHR. Career development efforts tend to be
administrative, unstructured, and not integrated with the organization’s talent
management system. Improvements are needed through the formation of a formal
planning team, strengthened cross-sector coordination, the development of a
career development roadmap, and enhanced utilization of data to support
competency-based planning aligned with organizational needs.
Keywords: Career Development, Functional Position, Strategic Planning for
Human Resources
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